◆The function
The calcium in the extracellular fluid is necessary for the formation of animal skeletal tissue, muscle excitability, conduction of nerve impulses, myocardial contraction and blood coagulation, and the composition of milk. 98% of the calcium in the animal's body is in the form of phosphate in the bones, to ensure the strength and hardness of the bone; the remaining 2% mainly in the extracellular fluid.
When the concentration of extracellular calcium decreases, the control system will increase the calcium into the extracellular fluid to maintain the relative stability of calcium concentration in the extracellular fluid.
When the calcium ion concentration in the extracellular fluid is lower than the normal value, the animal will appear hypocalcemia, resulting in nerve and muscle dysfunction, and in some cases will cause animal recumbency and clinical symptoms such as hot milk.
◆The calcium regulation constant
When the level of calcium in the diet can not meet the needs of animals for calcium, calcium stored in the skeleton will be mobilized to maintain the normal concentration of calcium in the extracellular fluid. If the dietary calcium is severely deficient for a long time, the animals may develop severe osteoporosis and even fractures. In order to maintain the normal level of extracellular calcium, plasma calcium concentration was only slightly lower than the normal level. When extracellular calcium suddenly lost a dynamic balance mechanism and temperature of calcium has yet to play a role in 1000, the animal will lead to acute hypocalcemia.
◆The calcium deficiency
The lack of calcium in the diet of young cows causes mineral deposits to be blocked, growth retardation. Rickets is usually caused by a deficiency of vitamin D and phosphorus, but calcium deficiency may also contribute to the development of the disease.
Old dairy cows - when the dietary calcium deficiency, was forced to mobilize calcium in the bone to maintain the dynamic balance of calcium in the extracellular fluid, which can lead to the occurrence of osteoporosis and osteomalacia.
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